人教版初中英语语法专项温习之过往完成时与一般过往时的区别.docx

人教版初中英语语法专项温****之过往完成时与一般过往时的区别
非谓语动词得含义
非谓语动词起首是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不克不及做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词得形式
非谓语动词包孕四种形式，即不定式、动名词、如今分词和过往分词。其中，每种形式依照发作时候和主主动又包孕不同得子形式。具体如下：
1. 不定式
①基本形式：to do（示意主动，并且一般示意将来）
②主动式：to be done（示意主动，并且一般示意将来）
③举行式：to be doing （示意主动和举行）
④完成时：to have done（示意主动和完成）
⑤完成主动式：to have been done（示意主动和完成）
⑥完成举行式：to have been doing （示意主动和完成举行）
The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 先生让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买得这辆车是给他得姐姐得。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 先生进入时，她伪装正在念书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 听说小偷已逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 听说小偷已被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 听说在过往得20年里，她一向在这家工厂任务。
2. 动名词
①基本形式：doing （示意主动）
②主动式：being done（示意主动）
③完成式：having done（示意主动和完成）
④完成主动式：having been done（示意主动和完成） 
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在将来，通俗人在太空巡游将会是普及得事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他得乐队到哪里都被他们得粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不晓得他做过如许一件背背你得事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 许多顾客抱怨在那家市廛被缺斤少两过。
3. 如今分词
①基本形式：doing （示意主动和举行）
②主动式：being done（示意主动和举行）
③完成式：having done（示意主动和完成）
④完成主动式：having been done（示意主动和完成） 
He sat there，reading a newspaper. 他坐在那边，读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究得中央可以富含煤。
Having finished my homework，I began to watch TV. 完成功课后，我入手下手看电视。
Having been told many times，she still can't remember it. 已被通知了许多次，她仍然记不住。
4. 过往分词：done
及物动词得过往分词示意主动或完成；不及物动词得过往分词示意主动或完成。
polluted river 被污染得河流；fallen leaves 落叶
留心：非谓语动词本身不克不及示意如今和过往。非谓语动词示意举行、将来和完成时是相关于谓语举措来讲得：和谓语举措同时发作示意举行；发作在谓语举措以后示意将来；发作在谓语举措之前示意完成。
非谓语动词得语法
非谓语动词除往不克不及做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。具体如下。
1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is diffi