人教版考点39 短文填空之首字母填空-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （解析版）.doc

考点39 短文填空之首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
二、满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
A
Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.
Be c___56___. Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry doesn’t do any good. Neither can a fight. I___57___, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are no w___58___ in a fight.
Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to a___59___, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud v___60___ can usually make the attacker stop. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.
Learn to r___61___. Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a
r___62___ way to deal with the problem.
【答案】56. calm
57. Instead
58. winners
59. attack 60. voice
61. refuse 62. right
【解析】
文章主要就如何远离打架提出的三点建议，分别是：保持冷静，大声喊以及学会拒绝。
【56题详解】
句意：冷静点。
根据句意理解及后句Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson.