人教高中英语专题04 时态和语态.doc

专题04动词的时态和语态
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般时
do / does
did
shall/will do
should/would do
进行时
am/is/are doing
was/were doing
shall/will be doing
should/would be doing
完成时
have/has did
had did
shall/will have did
should/would have did
完成进行时
have/has been doing
had been doing
shall/will have been doing
should/would have been doing
考点1 一般时
一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
一、一般现在时
1. 一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。
☞They want good jobs.他们想要好的工作。
☞The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配。
☞This work does not satisfy me.这项工作我不满意。
☞Do you understand?你懂了吗?
2. 一般现在时的用法
①一般现在时的基本用法
a. 表示现在****惯性的动作或存在状态
☞He always takes a walk after supper.晚饭后他总是散散步。
☞Everyone is in high spirits now.现在大家都情绪高涨。
b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理
☞The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起在西方落下。
☞Sound travels faster through water than it does through air.
声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。
☞Time and tide wait for no man.时间不等人。
c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态
☞This cloth feels soft.这布摸上去很软。
☞I love classical music.我喜欢古典音乐。
☞The President still seems able to find time to go fishing.
看来总统仍能有时间去钓鱼。
d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
☞The meeting begins at 7:00.会议七点钟开始。
☞We leave here at 8:00 sharp.我们八点整离开这里。
e. 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作
☞When you come next time, bring me some magazines.
你下次来时，给我带几本杂志。
☞If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去那里。
☞Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home.
不管他同意与否，我都会待在家里。
②一般现在时的特殊用法
a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中
☞China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful中国宣布载人航天飞行圆满成功
☞Laura Bush Arrives in Moscow劳拉·布什抵达莫斯科
b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中
☞Francis slips past, passes the ball to Yao Ming, who jumps, catches and shoots it into the basket.
弗朗西斯穿过去，把球传给姚明，姚明跳起来，接住球投进篮里。
☞Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine.
现在，看，我按下按扭，打开了这台机器。
c.