人教版专题 15 阅读理解：词义猜测题 --英语复习讲练测--讲练.docx

专题 15 阅读理解：词意猜测题
备考2023年高考英语二轮复****讲练测--讲练
命题解读
词义猜测题考查的是考生根据上下文推断猜测猜测词语或句子的能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词句猜测题每套试卷一般为1题，但有一定难度，也是学生容易失分的题型。
考点分类
词义猜测解体技巧
一 词语猜测题
常见设问方式
The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .
In paragraph..., “...” can be replaced by “...”.
“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…
By saying that “...” in the first paragraph, the author means that_____
What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?
Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?
The underlined word /sentence in the ... paragraph could best be replaced by…
Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
解题技能
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。有时候利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，从而推断词义，这是近几年考试重点，这种题型更能检查学生英语综合能力。
典例剖析
(2022年 全国乙卷)
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. 
What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? 
A. personnel safety.         
B. assistance from drones.  
C. inspection and repair.      
D. construction of infrastructure. 
【答案】C
【解析】根据第二句 … sending maintenance staff … to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. 可知maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项Inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。因此答案为C。
2.根据同位关系或列举进行猜测
被裁撤的词后面有时紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。
同位标志词：or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely 等
列举标志词：for example, for instance, such as, like, including
典例剖析
(2021年 新高考I卷)
I am