人教版专题18(解析版) 阅读理解之猜测词义题讲解与练习.docx

专题18 阅读理解之猜测词义题讲解与练****Part 1 整体感知
猜测词义题旨在考查学生根据上下文推测生词、短语或句意的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。近几年猜测词义题难度略有增加，需要在较为复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
猜测词义类题目常见的设问方式如下：
The word “…”refers to/probably means _______.
The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ______.
What do you think the expression “…”stands for?
By saying “…” we mean ______.
“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as _____.
Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?
Part 2 方法指导
利用指代关系来猜测代词词义
代词词义的猜测即找出人称代词、指示代词所指代的内容。对于代词所指代的内容的判断，首先我们要连读前后段落，了解前后两段文章的内容，然后判断画线代词的类型。接下来仔细阅读前句，一般来说代词的词义推测主要是看前面句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
典题例证（2017.全国卷II阅读B节选）
We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
26.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Their belief. B.Their care for children.
C.Their success. D.Their support for each other.
解析 根据“We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对 the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故答案为A.
利用定义来猜测词义
在许多情况下，作者预计到某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，学生便可理解该词的基本含义、线索词有that，which is 等。
典题例证（2015.北京高考阅读C节选）
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
解析 通过本句中的定义“the same way light passes through a window”可知，transparent应意为“透明的”。
利用定语或同位语来猜测词义
通常引出该词同位语的词语有or， that is， in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后学生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
典题例证（2018全国卷II阅读B节选）
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sl