第2讲 有提示词类——名词、代词、形容词和副词 技法一 如何确定名词的词形变化 名词的变化主要包括名词变复数、名词所有格和名词的词形变化。 考查方向 解题思路 针对训练 名词变复数 1.有数词或者these,those,several,many,all,both,various,a number of 等词修饰时,名词用复数形式。 2.前有“one of”修饰时,名词用复数形式。 3.若谓语动词是复数形式,则作主语的名词用复数形式。 1.(2022·江西九江二模)A number of Olympic high technologies (technology) have been applied for the first time in Beijing to ensure its goal of carbon neutrality. 2.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans(human) are. 3.“Making coins was one of the greatest financial activities(activity) in human history,” said researchers,adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily. 名词所有格 提示词与后面的名词为所属关系,应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s 结尾的复数名词,在词尾加’s;以s 结尾的单数或者复数名词,在词尾加’。 4.These Yungang researchers’(researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve cultural heritage. 名词变 形容词 提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰,则一般考查名词变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able;-al;-ful;-en;-y;-less;-ly;-ous等构成形容词,如:terrible,national,useful,wooden,healthy,careless,monthly,dangerous等。 5.(2021·全国乙)Provide financial(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 6.(2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more meaningful(meaning). 名词变动词 提示词为名词,如果作谓语或 7.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft 非谓语,则一般考查名词变动词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-en;-ize或前缀en-等构成动词,如:strengthen,apologize,encourage,endanger等。 surfaces,do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles,avoid hills and get good running shoes. 附表 名词变复数 变化规则 典型例词 规则变化 一般在词尾加s;如果是以ch,sh,s,x等结尾的单词,则加es trees,bikes,books,buses,watches,boxes,bushes 辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i再加es;元音字母+y结尾的单词,则直接加s babies,families,boys,plays 以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)、两菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s radios,photos 以f或fe结尾的单词,通常把f,fe变为v再加es wives,knives,wolves 特殊变化 man→men,woman→women;tooth→teeth,foot→feet;child→children;mouse→mice 单复数同形 Chinese,Japanese,people,sheep,deer,fish 注意 1. 除了上表中的情况以外,还有一些特殊变化的名词如: German→Germans human→humans stomach→stomachs chief→chiefs belief→beliefs