人教专练01 高频语法之名词（代词）、冠词、介词与语法填空(解析版)---高考英语复习.doc

备战2021届高考英语二轮复****题型专练（新高考）01
高频语法之名词（代词）、冠词、介词、数词与语法填空
【技法总结】
高频考点一 名词
【高考试题再现】
语法填空
1. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
3. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
答案：1. crowds 2. introduction 3.effects 4. scientist
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略:
1. 根据语境标志词判断名词
(1)看到冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2. 根据规则确定名词单复数
(1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(3)在平时学****中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。
3. 熟记常见名词后缀:-age表示“状态;场所;费用”;-ory表示“工作场所;住处”;-ology表示“……学;……论”;-ure表示“状态”;-cy表示“性质;状态”;-ery表示“境遇;状况;性质;行为”;-ism表示“主义”;-ty表示“性质;状态;程度”。
【重点知识提示】
一、名词的数
1.可数名词单数变复数
①一般情况下，在词尾直接加­s：book→books, mouth→mouths, house→houses, girl→girls。
②以­s、 ­x、 ­ch、 ­sh结尾的名词，在词尾加­es：glass→glasses, box→boxes, match→matches, brush→brushes，特殊：stomachs。
③以辅音字母加­y结尾的名词，变y为i再加­es：city→cities, country→countries, party→parties, factory→factories。
④以­o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加­s，但下列名词要加­es，即Negroes、 heroes、 echoes、 potatoes、 tomatoes。
*下列以­o结尾的名词既可以加­es，也可以加­s：zeros (zeroes)、 mosquitos (mosquitoes)、 volcanos (volcanoes)。
⑤以­f或­fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般需要把f或fe去掉，加­ves，即selves、 lives、 thieves、 wives、 knives、 leaves、 shelves、 wolves、 halves。
*下列单词可在其后