高中英语人教小题必练16 阅读理解之主旨大意题 教师版.docx

2021届好教育小题必练
小题必练16：阅读理解之主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查对全文内容或某一段的内容的归纳总结能力，是在对原文深刻理解基础上的高度概括能力，是高考中的难点之一。主旨大意题最关键的就是把握主题句和主题词。
1.标题归纳题
【典例】（2020·浙江卷C篇节选）
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age” 是本文的主题句。结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。故选C项。
【点拨】标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面，一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短，能覆盖全文大意。针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。
2.文章大意题
【典例】（2020·全国2卷B篇）
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were as