2021届好教育小题必练 小题必练7 定语从句 定语从句是高考的热点,主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用,特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有:1. 关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句;2.关系副词where引导的定语从句(近年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况);3.“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句;4.as引导的非限制性定语从句。 考点1关系代词 (2020·山东卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查连词。根据空格前的先行词the British Museum与空格后的谓语动词opened,判断此处为定语从句的关系词,在从句中作主语,故填which/that。 【点拨】 1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 (4)先行词既有人也有物时。 (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 2. 只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 3. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与which 考点2 关系副词 (2020·全国I卷)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知,从句“it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth”不缺主谓宾,缺状语,而先行词spot为地点,故填where。 一、单句语法填空 1. He is the only person in his company ___________ is invited to the party. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:他是他公司里唯一一个被邀请参加聚会的人。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,修饰先行词person,且先行词前有the only修饰,所以填that。 2. Do you know the reason ________ she refused the invitation? 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:你知道她拒绝邀请的理由吗?分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是the