【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复****讲义+分层训练(全国通用) 01.名词 核心考点1 名词的数 1.可数名词的数(不规则变化) (1)单、复数同形。如:means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep。 (2)合成名词的复数。如:boyfriend→boyfriends,go-between→go-betweens(中间人),grown-up→grown-ups,passer- by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on, woman doctor→women doctors。 (3)只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现,表示“衣服”、“工具”等的总称,不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能加不定冠词a/an,但可以用a pair of/two pairs of,many等修饰。 如:clothes, tights, jeans, pajamas, pants, shorts, socks, stockings, trousers, glasses, chopsticks, compasses, pincers,scissors, scales等; 另外一类总是以复数形式出现,但不能用具体的数字修饰,也不能用a/an,a pair of等修饰,只能用many, a great many, a lot of等修饰。如:belongings, congratulations, contents, earnings, fireworks, goods, leavings, pains, spirits, savings, stairs,surroundings, wages,arms等。 (4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people,cattle,police;有些名词只用作单数,如:machinery,furniture, mankind,jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复数看作集体的各个成员。如:The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。 名词的数及词性变化可以在语法填空中进行考查。 【考例1】(2022年全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】protection 【详解】考查名词。句意:Cao和Wu还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和前文promote environmental可知,此处应用其名词形式protection,作动词宾语,此处protection为不可数名词。故填protection。 【考例2】Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 【答案】Activities 【详解】考查名词。句意:1980年被正式承认的科莫多国家公园因其独特的生物多样性而受到生态旅游的欢迎。从观鲸到徒步旅行,那里有各种各样的活动。分析句子结构可知,设空处位于句首,在句中作主语,根据谓语动词range可知,设空处应填给定的可数名词activity的复数形式。故填Activities。 【考例3】The________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 【答案】possibility 【详解】考查名词。句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家探索外层空间。该空作句子主语,用名词,that there is life on other planets in the universe是同位语从句,特指“这个可能”,用名词单数,故填possibility。 【考例4】Historical ____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【