人教版热点练05 阅读理解话题科学技术-2023年高考英语.docx

热点练05 阅读理解话题科学技术
“科学技术类”文章是高中新课程标准话题之一。该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。科技已经影响渗透到我们生活的方方面面，例如电视、电脑、手机、MP3、火箭、卫星、宇宙飞船……好多好多，几天几夜都说不完。总之生活离不开科技，科技在为生活服务。点点滴滴，时时事事，科技无处不在。
“科学技术类”话题是历年高考英语的必考话题，主要题型为阅读理解，体裁一般为说明文，分值所占比重也比较高。
解答阅读理解最基本的原则——忠于原文，把握文章主旨大意，有理有据、不能主观臆断
解题步骤：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较
一定：读题干，定关键词
二找：利用关键词，结合命题顺序，在文中找到信息句
三比较：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。
正确的答案的特征 1.与主题吻合 2. 同义替换 3. 语气委婉，不绝对化
错误选项的特征：无中生有、以偏概全、偷换概念、过度推理、常识干扰、绝对化 。
科学研究 发明创造 科普知识
真题链接
（每篇限时8分钟）
（ 2022年全国乙卷之C篇）
主题语境
语篇类型
文章词数
核心词汇
科学技术
事例阐述
327
drones
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or swit