人教高考英语复习 专题3　第3讲　说明文.docx

第3讲　说明文
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为考生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领
内容解读
明确说明对象，理清段落关系。
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意图。
(2022·全国乙)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 .We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t.The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 51 children said that they couldn’t 52
to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them.Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me，too.” They simply 58 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it is not a result of egocentrism.In fact，children consider this method 60 when others use it.
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