高中英语人教第2部分 语法专项突破 专题3 不可忽视的小词.docx

考点一　冠词
一、不定冠词a/an
My friend Linda is an honest girl① studying in a university①.We are of an age②，we both like milk and we drink a cup of milk③ a day④.So we think a cow⑤ is very useful.
不定冠词的用法
①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在读音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。
②表示“同一”。
③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。
④表示“每一”，相当于per。
⑤表示“一类”事物。
1．不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。
He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
2．不定冠词a/an可以用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化。
物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。
Tony is a famous pianist.I’m absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.
托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。
3．有些名词是永久性不可数名词，即使前面有了形容词，也不能在形容词前加a/an。如weather，progress，fun等。
What fine weather we have got! Let’s go for a picnic.
多好的天气啊，我们去野餐吧。
4．不定冠词常见的固定搭配
have a gift for有……的天赋　 have a holiday度假
get a lift/ride搭便车 pay a visit to参观
lend sb.a hand帮助某人 as a result因此
as a rule通常，照例 in a hurry匆忙地
at a distance离一段距离 a waste of ……的浪费
What a pity！真遗憾！ be/go on a diet节食
a collection of一批…… a knowledge of知道
have a good time玩得高兴 make a living谋生
as a matter of fact事实上 have a history of有一段……的历史
in a sense/way在某种意义上 for a while暂时，一时
all of a sudden突然 a matter of ……的问题
点对点练****单句语法填空
1．In Chinese culture，each year is related to a Chinese animal according to the 12-year cycle.
2．He not only is the best student in our class，but also has an excellent sense of humour.
3．He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for a long time.
4．One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use a bicycle when possible.
二、定冠词 the
Mr Smith is a teacher from the United States①.He was the first② foreign teacher I had met.In the 1990s③，he and his wife were traveling along the Yangtze River④when a ship wrecked.The Smiths⑤ came up to help the injured⑥ and saved a boy by catching him by the arm⑦.The boy’s parents sai