人教高考英语复习 第4讲　题型突破——词句猜测题.docx

第4讲　题型突破——词句猜测题
词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
设问方式
1．The word “...” in paragraph...means .
2．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in paragraph...?
3．What do the underlined words “...” probably mean?
4．What does the underlined word/phrase “...”in paragraph...refer to?
5．The underlined expression “...” in paragraph...most probably means “ ”．
技法一　词义猜测题
——巧用线索猜词义
词汇含义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，猜测词句能力的高低，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。下面介绍巧用逻辑关系、语法关系、构词法和上下文语境猜测词汇含义。
一、4种逻辑关系助力词义猜测
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·C片段)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地)．
29．What does the underlined word “decimate”mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。依据画线词所在句中的Unfortunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折，上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆
生机勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源，因此画线词所在句应讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部分资源破坏。故选C。
二、5种语法关系助力词义猜测
(2022·全国乙·C片段)
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the