第5讲 体裁微解——应用文 应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体,它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻报道等,形式多样,题材各异(如图示、表格等),措辞简洁明了,直截了当,其目的是向读者传输信息。主要具有以下特点: 选材 信息量大,文句精炼,形式灵活,用最少的篇幅传达最大量的信息。 内容 生活化,实用化,多样化。如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启事、招生招聘等。 形式 标题醒目,重点突出,条理清晰,常用粗体字或各类题目符号使文章结构更加鲜明。 语言 人名、地名、专用名词多;生词多;缩略词、祈使句、省略句多;结构不完整。 命题 其命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力,既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合,又注重推理判断题的考查,题目设置相对容易。 高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节题为主,因此,阅读这类文章时,也应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下,重点注意细节信息,细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义句改写,词性转换等),因此,要想找到答案就一定要找到题干在原文中的出处,再把原文和选项相比较。做题时,根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可以达到事半功倍的效果。同时,在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字,因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下: 策略指导 技法解读 先题后文 先读题目,了解考点;明确目的,快速捕捉,获取信息。 题干定向 根据题干关键词找到文中答案范围,按照题目顺序依次而下;问题与原文相同,对号入座,通过同义替换、归纳事实等方法确定答案。 生词模糊 遇到生词,如无关答题,直接跳过;涉及答题,则根据语境、构词法等猜词。 信息补全 对于影响理解的省略句,可根据语境,将其补全。 (2022·全国甲·A) Theatres and Entertainment St David’s Hall St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall,St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment,including pop,rock,folk,jazz,musicals,dance,world music,films and classical music. The Hayes,Cardiff CF10 1AH www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk The Glee Club Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music,you should start here. Mermaid Quay,Cardiff Bay,Cardiff CF10 5BZ www.glee.co.uk/cardiff Sherman Cymru Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children,artists,writers and anyone else have the opportunity(机会) to do creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre,dance,family shows and music from Wales and the rest