人教版高中英语专题11 特殊句式 （解析版）.doc

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专题11 特殊句式（解析版）
Part 1：知识点梳理
倒装的必备条件及具体应用；
省略的基本原则及用法；
强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。
知识点1　倒装
1：完全倒装
完全
倒装
here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调
Out rushed the children.
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首
Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡
Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.
2：部分倒装
部分
倒装
never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首
Hardly did I know what had happened.
only和修饰的状语放于句首
Only then did he realize the importance of English.
not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒
Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.
neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装
Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.
so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装
So busy is he that he cannot go on a holiday.
as引导的让步状语
Child as he is,he has learned a lot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事
He can play the piano.So can I.
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用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
May you be in good health!
省略if的虚拟条件
Were I you,I would not do it in this way.
知识点2 省略
1. 不定式的省略
(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
— Will you join in the game?
— I’d be glad to.
(2)感官动词(see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。
He made me laugh.
Please have him come here.
I was made to laugh by him.
(3)如果不定式是be动词或完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。
— Are you a college student?
— No, but I want to be.
(4)介词but意为“除了”，后接不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的不定式去掉to。
I didn’t have any choice but to wait.
I could do nothing but wait patiently.
(5)不定式