人教高中英语第一轮复习：非谓语动词.docx

非 谓 语 动 词
非谓语动词就是不能充当句子谓语成分的动词形式，包括动词不定式（to do）、分词（过去分词V-p.p.、现在分词V-ing）、动名词V-ing三种形式。
动词不定式
基本形式：to do (有时to可以省略，称为不带to的不定式)
特点：没有人称和数的变化，也不受谓语动词时态变化的干扰 eg: I(You/He/She/We/You/They) want(wants/wanted) fdfddd dddd to buy a car.
动词不定式可充当的句子成分
作主语
eg: To study hard is our duty.
常使用it作为形式主语，不定式作真正主语放后面
It is not easy to master a foreign language.
亦可在不定式前面加上for sb.指出不定式的逻辑主语
It is not easy for us to master a foreign language.
但某些表示人的品行的形容词，如：kind/good/nice/right/wrong/wise/unwise/polite/impolite/rude/silly/stupid/foolish /careless/clever/thoughtful等作表语时改用of sb.
It is kind of you to help me with my study.
作宾语
eg: I want to borrow your dictionary.
能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词有want/like/hope/wish/prefer/hate/decide/expect/desire/try/manage/start/begin/remember/forget/ask/offer/continue/agree/choose/pro-mise/mean/pretend等
常使用it作为形式宾语，不定式作真正主语放后面
I find it interesting to study English.
作表语
也就是放在连系动词（主要有be动词am/ is/ are、感官动词look/ hear/ smell/ taste/ feel、表示保持和变化的动词stay/ keep/ remain/ become/ turn/ grow/ get以及seem等）的后面。
eg: Her wish is to become a doctor.
She doesn’t seem to like the idea.
作定语 动宾关系
eg: Here are some books (for you to read).
She has a sick baby (to take care of).
Have you got anything to say? Vt.或短语动词（Vi.+介词）
The nurse has five children to look after.
She was the first person to think of the idea.
作状语
作目的状语
eg: To catch the first bus, I have to get up early.
He went home to see his parents.
She uses a computer to write an article.
另外不定式作目的状语常用so as to(只能放句中) / in order to
She checked the names carefully so as to / in order to avoid mistakes.
In order to(不能用so as to ) arrive before dark, we started early.
作结果状语
eg: What have I said to make you unhappy?
另外不定式作结果状语常用以下结构：
so + adj. + as to / such ( + n. ) + as to
He is so angry as to be unable to speak.
We are not such fools as to believe him.
Her i