人教版八年级Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.直接引语和间接引语的练习.zip

直接引语与间接引语
一、学****目标
1. 掌握直接引语与间接引语的意义、功能及用法；
2. 进一步熟练过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时）。
二、学****重点难点
1.直接引语（Direct Speech）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：
Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your friends.”
They said, “We want to have a rest.”
间接引语（Reported Speech，又叫Indirect Speech）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：
Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.
They said they wanted to have a rest.
2. 当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：
1） 现在时间推移到过去时间
所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：
She said, “I am hungry.”
－> She said (that) she was hungry.
He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.”
－> He said (that) the family were fighting among themselves.
Tom said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.”
－> Tom said he had found what was wrong with the computer.
在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：
a） 当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在****惯工作以及格言等内容时：
He said, “The word ‘laser’ is an acronym（首字母缩略词）.”
－> He said the word ‘laser’ is an acronym.
b） 当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：
“I’m forty,” he said.
－> He said he is forty.
c） 当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：
He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.”
－> He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.
He said, “You mustn’t smoke in the room.”
－> He said I mustn’t smoke in the room.
2） 过去时间推移到过去的过去
这里需要注意以下几点：
a） 当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如：
He said, “I didn’t know you.”
－> He said he hadn’t known me.
当“过去的过去”已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如：
Ann said, “She was born in 1981.”
－> Ann said she was born in 1981.
b） 过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如：
Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.”
－> Robert said he had been joking with Mary.
Robert said he was joking with Mary.
c） 过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如：
He said, “We hadn’t returned to the store when she came.”
－> He said they hadn’t retur