人教版专题14-被动语态-2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）（解析版）.docx

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专题14-被动语态
2023年中考英语知识清单（通用版）
目录
考情分析： 1
1. 被动语态的结构 1
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 2
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态 2
4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 3
5.含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态 3
6.带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 3
7.变被动语态的其他注意点 4
8.牛刀小试 4
考情分析：
中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。
如：
We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）
The blackboard is often cleaned by us. （黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。
1. 被动语态的结构
一般现在时：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时：will / shall be + 及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时：have / has been + 及物动词的过去分词
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现在进行时：am / is / are being + 及物动词的过去分词
过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词
如：
You are wanted on the phone.
有你的电话。
China was liberated in 1949.
1949年中国解放。
The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
Not a book in the library has been taken away.
图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。
My bike is being repaired.
我的自行车正在修理。
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.
我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
2. 主动语态与被动语态的转换
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
如：
All the people laughed at him. → He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
3. 含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
We can repair this watch in two days. → This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once. → It should be done at once.
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4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态
主动语态: 主语 + 谓语动词 + 间接、直接宾语 + 其他
被动语态: 间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 + 其他(比较常用)或:直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 介词(for / to) + 间接宾语 + 其他
如：
My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→ I was given a new book on my birthday (by my father).
→ A new book was given to me on my birthday (by my father).
My father bought me a new computer yesterday.
→ I was bought a new computer yesterday (by m