专题06 谓语动词时态与语态(二)【学与练】 学完成体 考点一 现在完成时 1. 现在完成时结构: 主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词 否定句:have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t 一般疑问句:have/has提前 2. 现在完成时的用法: (1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,强调的是这个结果或影响,常与yet,already,just,before,lately等时间状语连用。 —Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的,我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。) I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。(这些照片已不在我这里了。) (2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。 I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。 They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。 She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校,她就教我。 3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用: (1)用于"过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果"的时间状语有: (2)用于"过去发生的事,一直延续到现在"的时间状语有: for + 时间段 for two years since + 时间点 since 2008 since then since he came here so far 目前;迄今为止 up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止;直到现在 all the time 总是;一直 recently/lately 最近 these days 近几天 by the end of...到……末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末 during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中 in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中 (3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. (4)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. (5)since与for用法比较 用法 例句 since 用来说明动作起始时间 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这里。 My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. 我姑姑从1949年开始一直在一个小诊所工作。 for 用来说明动作延续时间长度 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我在这里住了二十多年了。 3. 现在完成时的常用固定句型 (1)That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中,从句要用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。 It is the third time that the boy has been late. 这是这个男生第三次迟到了。 (2)"That/This/It is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + (that)从句"中,that 从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。 (3)在"It is/has been + 一段时间 + since ... "句型中,主句