第09讲 并列句和状语从句 (讲)
【考纲考情】
高考主要考查状语从句连接词及并列连词的正确运用,其次是状语从句的省略(非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换);另外注意状语从句和定语从句、名词性从句的区别;状语从句和强调句型的区别。
状语从句及并列句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、改错和书面表达中。
【考点梳理】
一、 并列连词与并列句
连词常分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。
并列句是由两个或两个以上简单句构成。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。并列连词之前可用也可不用逗号。
1.并列连词归纳
属性
连接词
典型例句
并列
关系
and, not only ... but (also), neither ... , nor ... , both ... and
Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.
他们的车在半路上出了故障,他们不得不在一个小旅社过夜。
选择
关系
or, either ... or ..., otherwise, or else, not ... but
Either you are mad, or I am.
要么你疯了,要么我疯了。
转折
关系
but, yet, still, however, while, whereas
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
玛丽是个好女孩,但她有一个缺点。
因果
关系
for, so, therefore
Someone is coming, for the dog is barking.
有人来了,因为狗叫了。
2.使用时要特别注意其特性
(1)and, not only ... but (also) ..., neither ... nor ... 等词连接的并列句,在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。
①One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry.
有一天我迟到了,我的老师生气了。
②Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it.
不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣,他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。
(2)or, either ... or ... 连接并列句表示选择意义。
③The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择)
孩子们可以跟我们一起去,也可以留下。
④The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法)
工人们非常高兴,或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。
⑤Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件)
小心点,否则你会折断脖子的。
3.注意事项
(1)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型
该句型中的祈使句表示条件,后面的陈述句表示结果。and表示前后句意思的顺延,or表示前后句意思的转折。
①Go straight on, and you'll see a church.
一直向前走,你就会看到一座教堂。
②Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.
在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑,要不然会出问题的。
具体运用中,该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。
③One more minute, and we can finish the job much better.
再给一分钟,我们会把工作做得更好。
(2)but/while/however的区别
but表示意义的转折;while既表示转折又表示对比;however为表示转折意义的副词,常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
④Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.
邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人,但是很多时