人教版专题09-定语从句（解析版）.docx

考点09 定语从句（解析版）
【命题趋势】
考生在定语从句的学****过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分定语从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3****惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
【重要考向】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句；
二、关系副词引导的定语从句；
三、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句；
四、as引导的定语从句；
考向一
关系代词引导的定语从句
【典例】
【2021浙江卷语法填空】
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ______gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【参考答案】
that / which 考查定语从句/关系代词。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处缺少引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语的关系代词，而先行词tool为物，故此处填关系代词that或which。
【关系代词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。
1．who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2．whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。
①Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
②This is the house whose window broke last night.＝This is the house, the window of which broke last night.＝This is the house, of which the window broke last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
①There used to be much shade of an old tree in the middle of the yard, which gave us much cool in summer.
过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。
②We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government，will succeed.
我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。
4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。
(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
你给我的书我都已经读过了。
注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。
There is something that/which keeps worrying me.
有一件事一直令我不安。
(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, ...，the last修饰时。
This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。
The only thi