人教新目标八下英语Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.知识梳理.zip

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
1. You could help to clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助清扫城市公园。
(1)短语动词:常见的短语动词一般有三种形式:
①“动词+介词”结构,如:look at(看);look for(寻找);get off(下);keep on(坚持);look after(照顾);talk about(谈论);talk with(交谈);think about(考虑);think of(认为);care for(关心)等。
Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。
My parents are talking about the TV show. 我的父母正在谈论那个电视节目。
We should listen to them and care for them. 我们应该倾听他们说话,关心他们。
②动词+副词:put up(搭建);call up(打电话);give up(放弃);clear up(清理);turn up(调大);cheer up(鼓励);hand out(散发);give out(发放);put off(推迟);cut off(切除);turn off(关闭);lie down(躺下);fall down(摔倒);turn down(调小);turn on(开)等。
The boy could give out food at the food bank.
小男孩可以在食品储存站分发食品。
We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制定计划。
We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.
我们每个人可以打电话给10名学生,要求他们来。
She cheered up after we had been to see her.
我们去看她后,她感到很高兴。
【拓展】当“动词+副词”结构的短语动词后跟人称代词作宾语时,人称代词一定要放在“动词”和“副词”之间。如:
Let’s make some notices,too. Then I’ll hand them out after school. 
我们还要做一些通知。然后我将在放学后散发它们。　
③动词+副词+介词:come up with(想出);run out of(用光);get out of(离开)等。
The boy ran out of his money. 这个小男孩用光了钱。
We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
我们需要想出一个计划告诉人们关于城市公园的清理。
(2)情态动词could表示“建议”:could是情态动词can的过去式,除了可以表示“过去的能力、可能性或许可”之外,还可以表示推测或表示建议或劝告,此时它不是过去式,而是原形。另外,用于疑问句时一般表示“征求意见或请求”。
The boy could play the piano when he was four.
这个小男孩四岁时就可以弹钢琴。
You could go with her. 你可以和她一起去。
(3)动词不定式的用法:动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,在句中常常可以作宾语、状语或宾语补足语。
①常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,hope,decide,learn,want,would like / love等。如:
I want to play soccer after school. 放学后我想去踢足球。
We all agreed to help her with her English. 我们都同意帮她学英语。
I’d love to visit Beijing. 我想去北京参观。
②常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,order,send,teach,tell,want,wish,would like等。如:
Mr Wu asked Simon to close the windows.
胡老师叫西蒙关上窗户。
My mother would like me to be a teacher when I grow up.
我妈妈希望我长大后做一名教师。
③动词不定式在句中还可以作目的状语。如:
I usually go to see my grandparents.我常常去看我的爷爷奶奶。