人教高考英语复习 第7讲　常考话题一　科普知识类.docx

常考话题一　科普知识类
科普知识类说明文是高考阅读理解中的重难点题材，考生往往在这类文章中失分严重，因此，考生需要了解科普知识类文章的主要特点和命题方式。
选材
当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。
特点
结构严谨、逻辑性强。
语言
文章中词汇的意义相对单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩。句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难，常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。
命题
主要集中在细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题或词义猜测题，以推理判断题居多。
科普知识类说明文长难句居多，题目往往是推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，考生在扩大词汇量的同时，还需要努力增强分析长难句的能力，把握文章的主旨。具体答题策略如下：
(2019·全国Ⅰ·C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem
：a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine people’s identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed，with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive，plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，对用户信息起防护作用的技术如指纹扫描等的市场正在增长，但这些技术仍然很昂贵。本文介绍了一种具有类似功能的新型低成本设备——智能键盘。
28．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys.