人教考点 10 谓语动词的被动语态 (解析版)（重难考点精讲练）-备战2023年高考英语.docx

考点10 动词的被动语态
动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。预计2023年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
知识网络
被动语态的构成
序号
常用被动语态
构成
序号
常用被动语态
构成
1
一般现在时
am/is/are asked
6
过去进行时
was/were being asked
2
一般过去时
was/were asked
7
现在完成时
have/has been asked
3
一般将来时
shall/will be asked
8
过去完成时
had been asked
4
过去将来时
should/would be asked
9
将来完成时
will/would have been asked
5
现在进行时
am/is/are being asked
10
含有情态动词的
can/must/may be asked
注意事项
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如：
Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不应该种树。
The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑。
Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。
汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：
It is believed that…            It is generally considered that…           It is said that…
It is well known that…         It must be pointed out that…              It is supposed that…
It is reported that…            It must be admitted that…                It is hoped that…
下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：
The window wants/needs/requires repairing.          The book is worth reading twice.
The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.            The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.
The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.
下面词或短语没有被动态：
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等
考向一 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：
时
时
体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
is / am / are done
was / were done
will / shall be done
would / should be done
进行
is / am / are being done
was / were being done