人教高考英语复习讲义（13）非谓语动词（不定式的特殊用法）知识点总结整理.docx

2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复****讲义（13）非谓语动词（不定式的特殊用法）知识点总结整理
前面我们学****了非谓语动词的种类及名词不定式、形容词不定式和副词不定式的用法。这一期我们接着讲的不定式的其他一些特殊用法。
疑问词 + 不定式 = 名词短语
名词短语=疑问词+不定式短语
①疑问副词
Where to live
Whether to try again
When to talk to him
How to do it
例1. Where to live is still unknown.
例2. Whether to try again is still not decided
②疑问代词
What to do
Whom to see
Which to by
例.which to by depends on how much money do you have.
这里要注意，where、when和how为疑问副词，不能作其后不定式中原形动词或介词的宾语；而what、which和whom为疑问代词，一定要作其后不定式中原型动词或介词的宾语。
how to do.(错），这个句子中do为及物动词，how是副词，故how不能做do的宾语。应改为：how to do it.
那可能有同学会问，为什么where to live.这个句子正确呢？因为live为不及物动词。
名词短语的功能
名词短语等于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语和be动词后的表语。
例：
what to do was the question(作主语）
He is learning how to do it(作宾语）
The problem is where to start.(作表语）
that从句可简化为不定式
但凡句中主语为形式主语it，之后接单一的动词或者及物动词的被动语态，再接that引导的名词性从句时，可将that从句变成不定式。
单一动词
例:
It seems/ appears that he works hard
= He seems/appears to work hard
他似乎很努力
Be +过去分词
例:
It is said (据说) /It is reported (据报道)/It is known (据了解)that he is good
= He is said/reported/ to be good
据说/据报道/据了解他很好
如何变化？
① 时态相同时，to之后加原型动词
例：It seems that he works hard.
= He seems to work hard(他似乎很努力）
② 时态不同时，to之后加“have + 过去分词”
例：It is said that he was a thug in the past
= He is said to have been a thug in the past.(据说他以前是个流氓）
seem或appear之后若有to be ，to be 可以省略。
例：He seems to be nice 
= He seems nice
Prove + to be