一、题型特点 要求考生进行概要写作的阅读材料原文词数一般为300词左右。文章体裁可以是记叙文、说明文或者议论文。写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确,结构合理,语义连贯,不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。 二、注意事项 1.词数要限制在60词左右,上下限不得超过10个单词。 2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。 3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致,但必要时也可变换成第三人称。 4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句,必要时可转换词性,不得完全照搬照抄原文。 三、写作步骤 第一步:仔细审题 速读文章,确定文章的体裁和题材、人称和时态以及写作要求等。 第二步:细读全文 阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法: 记叙文 圈出记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why),如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意 说明文 找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议 议论文 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论) 第三步:初写成文 初写概要时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法: 记叙文 先用一两句话串联人、时、地、事等要素,再用三到五个句子简要描述事情的经过和结果 说明文 找出要说明对象的现象、原因等或解决问题的措施、建议等 议论文 把议论文的三个要素(论点、论据、结论)进行合理地排序、整合和概括,使之语义上具有逻辑性和连贯性 第四步:润色升级 初写成文后,要对概要进行润色升级,使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式,使之锦上添花。 第五步:复查定稿 写好概要后,要从语法和语义角度进行通读。对语法错误和语义不连贯处进行修改润色。最后规范誊写在答题卷的指定位置。 典例一 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school, I was driving to my parents' home in Missouri for Christmas.I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do.A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple. They said they would take me.We chatted and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.I wrote them a thankyou note.Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful. Years later, I drove to a meeting in the morning.In late afternoon I found that I'd left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership was right next door.I walked over an