高中英语人教01 介词要点精读与精练.docx

2023年高考英语一轮复****基础知识+基本能力双清
介词
考点复****1
介词的分类
分类
特点
例词
简单介词
即一个介词
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介词
由两个介词构成合成词
into, onto, throughout, upon, within
短语介词
由短语构成
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
双重介词
由两个介词搭配而成
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词
由现在分词转化而来
considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词
由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
考向① 介词短语的功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能
例 句
作定语
They didn’t find the solution to the problem.
作状语
We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）
What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）
作表语
When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.
作宾语补足语
I found the old building in a bad condition.
考向② 常考介词的辨析
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
表示的概念
介词（短语）
区 别
例
时间
in
on
at
at在一个时间点上；
in在一段的时间之内；
on在具体日子。
①at 8 o’clock, at noon
②in the 1990s, in January
③on Monday, on a warm morning
since
from
since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；
from指从时间的某一点开始。
①We have not seen each other since 1995.
②I hope to do morning exercises from today.
in,
after
in指在一段时间之后，也可以指一段时间之内=within；
after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。
①We’ll be back in three days.
②After seven the rain began to fall.
③What shall we do after graduation?
in the end
at the end of
by the end of
in the end作＂最后＂、＂终于＂解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示＂在……末梢＂，＂到……尽头＂，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体，不可单独使用；by the end of 作
①In the end they reached a place of safety.
②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.
③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.
④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.
＂在……结束时＂，
＂到……末为止＂