高中英语人教题型一 阅读理解（3推理判断题）（解析版）.docx

题型一 阅读理解(推理判断题)
目录
一 、考情概述 1
二 、命题特点 1
三 、选项特点 1
四、链高考 · 真题探究 2
五、考法解题能力提升 7
六、 精选考点题型专练 14
一 、考情概述
推理判断题在近几年高考阅读理解中的考查数量仅次于细节理解题,是历年高考英语阅读理解的核心考点和命题集中点,考查方向以推断细节隐含意义为主。在阅读测试中属于深层次理解题,它要求考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发, 运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常
识进行分析、推理和判断。其答案一般不会在原文中直接呈现,要把文章提供的信息进行分析、提炼和归纳之后才能得出。
推理判断题涉及的范围很广,主要包括:推断细节隐含意义;推断文章出处或者读者对象;推断作者的写作意图;对文章内容进行预测;推断作者或文中人物对某个人或事物的态度或评价等。
二 、命题特点
推理判断题涉及的文章内容可能是一句话或几句话,也可能是一个或两三个段落,甚至是整篇文章,所以此类题目难度比较大,考生很容易失分。其设问特点为:
1.考查暗含的信息,文章中没有明说;
2.一般在文章中可以找到提示信息;
3.设问内容含义深刻,不像细节题那么直白。
三 、选项特点
1.正确选项的特点
(1)在文章中可以找到信息支持,并且可以推断出正确选项。
(2)大多含义深刻,不是常识选项。
2.干扰项的特点
(1)颠倒是非:选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。
(2)照搬原文:原文里有相关的直接信息,不需要经过推断。
(3)推理过度:把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。
(4)无中生有:捏造原文中并不存在的信息,并以此作为依据进行推断。
四、链高考 · 真题探究
Passage 1　[2020全国Ⅰ,C]
语篇类型:说明文　主题:竞走运动　词数:303　难度:★★★　
建议时间:7分钟
高考真题
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
　　Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. 
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.