人教考向60 语法填空之解答名词、数词、形容词和副词类填空的3策略(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语.docx

考向60 语法填空
解答名词/数词/形容词和副词类填空的3策略
宏观分析
1. 根据句子结构和设空所作成分，确定所填词
①名词(短语)和代词在句中常作主语、宾语，也作表语(如第2句中的a must)、定语。
②空前有形容词、冠词、形容词性物主代词或介词时，空处考虑填名词。
③注意一些介词加名词组成的短语，根据句意和搭配填名词。如： by accident (偶然), with patience (耐心地)等。
④设空依然填名词，根据修饰词和谓语的数，结合名词的数的规则，确定填复数形式。
2.形容词与副词的确定
①形容词与副词的修饰对象不同，形容词修饰名词或代词；副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或者整个句子。根据修饰对象的不同来确定所用的词性。
②形容词常和系动词构成系表结构。
③选用形容词还是副词由修饰关系决定，与位置的远近无关。
策略一　词形转换---句法功能法与位置判断法
【考情再现】
1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e. g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ________ (wealth) travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
答案与解析　wealthy　设空在句中作定语，修饰名词people，应用形容词，故填wealthy。
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ________ (certain) ， this plant is a must.
答案与解析　Certainly　分析句子结构可知，设空在句中作状语修饰全句，应用副词，故填Certainly。
3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Chinese New Year is ________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
答案与解析　celebration　设空处所填词在句中作表语，且设空前是不定冠词a，应填名词。故填celebration。
4. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): ________ (beauty) long covered with pink­colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
答案与解析　beautiful　设空在句中修饰名词branches，应用形容词作定语。故填beautiful。
5. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat ________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
答案与解析　gently　设空处在句中修饰动词moved，应用副词gently作状语，表“缓缓地”。故填gently。
6. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to
________ (believe) that populations are increasing.
答案与解析　belief　此处为动词短语lead to的宾语，且前面有a修饰，故要用名词单数形式。
7. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Her years of hard work have ________ (final) after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
答案与解析　finally　设空处修饰谓语have been acknowledged，应用副词，故填finally。
8. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invite