人教版高中英语专题02 动词 （解释版）.doc

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专题02 动词的时态和语态（解析版）
Part1 1：知识点梳理
常见的十种动词时态，尤其是对一般过去时和现在完成时的考查；
2. 被动语态。
知识点1　基本用法
1. 常见的十种动词时态有：一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、过去将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时。
2. 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。
People speak English all over the world. (主动语态)
English is spoken all over the world. (被动语态)
一般
ask/asks
asked
shall/will ask
should/would ask
进行
am/is/are asking
was/were asking
shall/will be asking
should/would be asking
完成
have/has asked
had asked
shall/will have asked
should/would have asked
完成
进行
have/has been asking
had been asking
shall/will have been asking
should/would have been asking
知识点1　常考时态的用法
1. 一般现在时
(1)表示经常性或****惯性的动作。
Tom often goes to school by bike.
(2)表示自然现象、客观事实或普遍真理。
Spring follows winter.
(3)表示现有的性质、能力或状态。
The flowers look beautiful.
(4)表示按计划安排好了将要发生的动作，这种情况仅限于少数有“开始”或“移动”意义的词，例如come, go, leave, start, arrive, begin, meet, fall, close, open, end, stop, return, take off等。
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The party begins at 7 o’clock.
(5)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
I’ll write you a letter as soon as I get there.
If I have enough time, I’ll travel around the world.
Wherever you go, you will see the same thing.
2. 现在进行时
(1)表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Are you working hard this term?
The car is being repaired.
(2)come, go, leave, do, send, take off, sail, arrive, return等表示方位移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表将来。
We are going hiking this Sunday.
(3)与always, often, all the time, constantly, continuously, forever等连用表示频繁反复发生的动作或状态，常含有批评、抱怨、不满或赞扬等感情色彩，但并非强调动作正在进行。
He is always getting angry with me.
3. 现在完成时
(1)表示过去的动作现已结束，但对现在产生影响，常带有already, just, ever, never等副词。
He has already obtained a scholarship.
(2)表示动作或状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。此时，通常用延续性动词，并常与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如for ten minutes, since 1980, in recent years, so far。
The film has been on for half an hour.
(3)表示到目前为止的一段时间内，第……次做某事。
It’s the