定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词的句子。被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which,as等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,去掉之后意思不明确。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用,与主句往往用逗号隔开,相当于并列句或状语从句等。例如: This is the house which we bought last month. (限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. (非限制性) 限制性定语从句 1.关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语,不能省略) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语,可以省略) 2)whose 先行词是人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3)which, that先行词是物,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (作被动语态的主语) The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (在句中作宾语) 4) as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式: such+名词+as..,像······一样的,像······之类的 such(pron.)+as一像······一样的,像······之类的 the same+名词+as...和······同样的 We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主语) This book is not such as I expect.这不是我期望的书。(as作宾语) I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语) 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)关系副词when, wh