第2讲 名词性从句 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子,它的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此名词性从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。 Many students don’t know what they should do①,but what Xiao Meng wants to do② is earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents’ burden③.It is said that many small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②.Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure about whether she will be employed①.She also wonders when she will be admitted to a college① and which city she will go①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university④. 注释:①位于及物动词或介词之后的从句是名词性从句中的宾语从句。②谓语动词之前的从句为名词性从句中的主语从句。此外,该种从句可以用it作形式主语。③位于be动词之后的从句是名词性从句中的表语从句。④位于抽象名词之后,解释该名词内容的句子为同位语从句。 1.名词性从句的引导词如下表所示: 引导词 功能 从属连词 that 在从句中不作任何句子成分,也没有词汇意义 whether,if 在从句中不作任何句子成分,意为“是否” because,as if/though 在从句中不作任何句子成分,分别意为“因为”“好像” 连接代词 who(ever),whom(ever),what(ever),whose,which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语; whom(ever)在从句中作宾语; which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语; whose在从句中作定语 连接副词 when(ever),where,wherever,why,how(ever) 在从句中作状语 2.名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。 Do you know where will the party be held?(×) Do you know where the party will be held?(√) 3.what & that that是从属连词,在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词,在名词性从句中充当成分,通常充当主语、宾语或表语。 I believe that I will succeed if I study hard. 我相信如果我努力学****我会成功的。 I believe what he said because he is an honest man.我相信他说的话,因为他是个诚实