人教版高中英语考点21 完形填空（全国卷专用）（解析版）.docx

考点21 完形填空（全国卷专用）（解析版）
【命题解读】
分析近年的考点分布可以看出：语法填空考察选型词以实词为主，其中名词、动词是考察重点，其次是形容词和副词，词组短语也是常考，A、B、C、D四个选项分布是均等的。
巧取语篇层次题
语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇， 站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。
【技法1 利用首尾呼应关系解题】
[例]　[2021·浙江卷节选]
[2]I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day __42____. We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were on fire.
……
[6]53.Needless to say, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived. I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A.tour B．project
C．campaign D．course
解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，考生可以更好地解答部分题目。
分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“the project”可知，本篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个8天的“项目”。
技巧点拨：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。
【技法2 利用文章发展脉络解题】
[例]　[2021·全国卷乙]
[1]Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢).
[2]My thoughts were soon __43__. We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48.slowly,__and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
43．A.brushed aside
B．put to the test
C．brought under discussion
D．taken into account
解题依据：叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端——故事发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。
分析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed