代 词
定义: 为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自(反)身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
he him they them
第三人称 she her they them
it it they them
如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It is me. 是我。
人称代词的用法:
人称代词主格在句中作主语、宾格在句中作宾语。
如: They are playing football on the playground.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
说话人出于感情用he/she来代替国家、船只、动物等。(拟人)
如: China is no longer what she used to be.
She is a fine ship.
Be careful of that dog. He sometimes bites.
3、 we/you/they有时用来代替一般的人
如: They say that Mr. Brown is very rich.
据说布郎先生很有钱。
You/We should keep quiet in the library.
在图书馆应保持安静。
4、人称代词it的特殊用法
代替小孩和婴儿
如: Look at that poor little child. It has just fallen down.
作形式主语或形式宾语
如: It is necessary to buy that dictionary.
I consider it important to ask him for advice.
打电话时用于指人
如: Hello. It is Mary.
用作主语指时间、距离、天气等
如: It is five o’clock.
It is fine today.
用在强调句型中
如: It is Mary who helped you yesterday.
It is a dictionary that I received yesterday.
人称代