情 态 动 词
情态动词有can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to/ shall/ should/ will/ would/ ought to/ need/ dare等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化,有词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须和不带to的动词不定式连用。
1、can与could
can与could表示能力
eg: He can swim, but I can’t.
can与could表示客观的可能性
eg: Kunming is called “Spring City”, but it can snow in winter.
can与could表示请求时,使用could比can语气更委婉客气,此时could和can没有时间上的差别,它主要用于疑问句,不用于肯定句,因此回答时要改用can.
eg: ---Could I come here again tomorrow?
---Yes, you can./ No, I’m afraid not.
2、注意几组使用情态动词的提问和回答
eg: May I watch TV now?
---Yes, you may./ Yes, please.
---No, you mustn’t./ No, you’d better not.
Must I do it at once?
---Yes, you must.
---No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to.
Need I come?
---Yes, you must.
---No, you needn’t.
3、can和may表示许可时,can侧重客观情况的“许可”,may侧重说话人主观上给予的“许可”。
eg: You can smoke now, as Grandmother isn’t here.
You may smoke here.
4、may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿
eg: May you succeed!
5、will的用法
主语是人时,表示意愿
eg: I will never do it again.
主语是物时,表示功能
eg: The watch won’t work./ The window won’t open.
6、shall的用法
与第一、第三人称连用的问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或 请求。
eg: What shall we do now?
Shall she come right now?
与第二、第三人称连用的陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、或威胁等。
eg: You shall go with me. (命令)
Tell her that she shall have the book tomorrow. (允诺)
He shall be punished.( 警告、威胁)
法律规定应用shall
eg: “The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agr