人教高中英语第一轮复习：直接引语和间接引语.docx

直接引语与间接引语
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
直接引语: 直接引用别人的原话称为直接引语，被引用的原话需要加引号，如： He said, “I am a student.”
间接引语: 用自己的话来转述别人说话的内容称为间接引语，间接引语不用引号，如：He said that he was a student.
不同句子类型的直接引语如何转变成间接引语
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略）如：
He said,“I like art very much.”
He said (that) he liked art very much.
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用句号。主句中的谓语动词是said时，需改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语（me、him或us等）如：
He said ,“Are you interested in English?”
He asked (me) whether/if I was interested in English.
如果是表示请求的一般疑问句，可以不用复合句结构，而改用ask sb.to do sth.的复合结构，这时常把said改为asked,原句中的动词变为to + V-原。如：
“Would you please open the window？”
He asked me to open the window.
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语在谓语前面），句末用句号，如：
“What can I do for you?”
He asked (me) what he could do for me.
直接引语如果是祈使句：
4.1 表示请求的祈使句、一般疑问句转换成间接引语时，可不用复合句结构，而改用ask sb. to do sth.的复合结构。这时，常把said改为asked,原句中的动词改为to + V-原，如：
“Jack，please help me with my homework.”Mary said.
Mary asked Jack to help her with her homework.
“Would you please open the window?”She said.
She asked me to open the window.
4.2 表示命令的祈使句转变成间接引语时通常改用told/ordered sb. (not) to do sth.的复合结构。这时，原句中的谓语动词said、asked常改为told或ordered,如：
“Don’t smoke in the room.”he said to me.
He told me not to smoke in the room.
人称的变化遵循“一主二宾三不变”的原则，如：
He said,“I have left your book in his