主 谓 一 致
定义:主谓一致是指主语和谓语的单复数形式要一致。
1) 语法一致原则,即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数复数形式要一致。The girl has found her mother.
2) 意义一致原则,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。致。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.
3) 就(靠)近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:There is one desk and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and one desk in the room.
There is much water in the thermos.
但当 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
一 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
二 主谓一致中的就(靠)近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students inin the class.
2)当either… or…, neither… nor与not only… but also…连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.