人教高中英语二轮语法回顾与训练---定语从句学案（含答案）.docx

高三二轮语法回顾与训练---定语从句
一、基本概念
1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，它代替前面的先行词，且在定语从句中充当一个成分。它包括关系代词和关系副词。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man, 在定语从句中作主语。
二、基本结构
先行词（名词、代词）+（关系代词、关系副词）+ 陈述句语序。
The reason (that) he gave for being late was just an excuse.
三、关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词（that / who / whom / whose / which / as）代替先行词在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
关系副词（when / where / why）代替先行词在定语从句中做时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，在有些情况下可分解成：介词+ which。
I’ll never forget the days which / that we spent in the remote village.
I’ll never forget the days when / during which we stayed in the remote village.
考点归纳
一、只能用that 不能用which的情况
1. 当先行词是“人 + 物”时，关系代词用that。
2. 先行词是不定代词（all / everything / something / anything / little / much / the one等）时，关系代词多用that。
3. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词或限定词the only / the very / all / every / any / few / no等修饰时，关系代词一般用that，如果先行词指人也可以用who。
They talked of things and persons that they remembered in school.
Australia is the only country that is also a continent.
二、不能用that的情况
1. that不能引导非限定性定语从句。
2. 介词后不用that（介词后指人用whom，指物用which）。
Spam（垃圾邮件）, which once meant a not-so-good kind of canned meat, now stands for unwanted junk email. Spam曾经用来指不好的罐装肉，现在代表不想要的垃圾邮件。
John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family mem