人教高中英语二轮语法回顾与训练---非谓语动词学案（含答案）.docx

高三二轮语法回顾与训练---非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的定义
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式to do、v.-ing和v.-ed。
二、非谓语动词的功能：在句中充当除谓语之外的其他成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等）。注意: 过去分词done 不能充当主语和宾语；having (been) done不能作主语或定语。
三、非谓语动词的含义：
1. to do 表“为了做”、“结果（常指意料外的结果）”时，常做目的状语和结果状语；表“要去”、“将要”时，常做定语或表语等。
2. doing 带有“主动”或“正在 / 一直进行中”的含义；表情绪的v.-ing常表“令人感到…”的含义。
3. done 带有“被动”或“已经完成”的含义；表情绪的v.-ed常表“感到…”的含义。
考点归纳
一、不定式to do与v.-ing作主语
除固定句型外，v.-ing作主语和不定式to do作主语无重大区别，只是侧重点有所不同。v.-ing常表示泛指的、一般的行为；不定式to do常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。
Sometimes shopping from one location to another makes you wait in line.（泛指一般的、通常的行为）
It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water. （特指一次具体行为）
常考固定句型：
（1）It’s no use / good / fun / pleasure doing sth.
It’s no use complaining that you don’t have an opportunity to land an ideal job.
（2）It’s +adj. + (for / of sb.) + to do sth.
能搭配of或者for的形容词有哪些？归纳如下，请牢记！
It’s kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever of you to do…=You are kind / brave / polite / careless / honest / clever to do…
It’s important / difficult / necessary / easy for you to do…（不能说You are important / difficult / necessary / easy to do…）
It’s brave of you to rescue the child from the burning house.
It’s difficult for me to handle the problem.
二、不定式to do与v.-ing作宾语
1. 常接不定式作宾语的动词，即afford / agree…to do sth，（请重点记忆）：
afford, agree, aim, bother, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, intend, manage, offer, pretend, refuse, threaten
I cannot afford to pay such a price.
We decided not to go out because of the weather.
2. 常接v.-ing作宾语的动词（短语），即admit / advise…doing sth，请重点记忆：
admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practice / practise, quit, risk, resist, stand, suggest, tolerate, feel like, cannot help / resist, be busy, be worth…
They couldn’t help / resist laughing when they heard the joke. 他们听到这个笑话不禁大笑起来。
The movie is worth watching.
部分动词后即可接不定式也可接v.-ing作宾语，但意思有很大差别： remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做）
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
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