人教高中英语二轮语法回顾与训练---介词、数词学案（含答案）.docx

高三二轮语法回顾与训练---介词、数词
1.介词是虚词，在句中不能独立使用，后接名词、v.-ing形式或代词。介词可分为简单介词（on, in, at, of, from, about等）、复合介词（如 into, throughout等）、短语介词（according to“根据”、instead of“代替”等）、以及分词介词（concerning / regarding“关于”；considering / given“考虑到”等）。
表示数目的词称为基数词；表示顺序的词称为序数词。
2.考点归纳
介词
一、表示时间的介词
1. in表示在一段时间之内。如：in the 1950s、in 1989、in summer、in January、in one's thirties在某人三十几岁时、in the morning等。
2. on表示具体某一天及某一天的上午、下午和晚上。如：on May 1st、on Monday morning、on a rainy night等。
3. at表示在一个时间点上。如：at 3:20, at this time of year, at Christmas, at (mid)night, at noon, at this moment等。
4. over用作介词时后面接一段时间，表示“超过…”或“在…期间”。如：over two months、over the past few years等。又如：
We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea. 我们边喝茶边愉快地聊天。
5. for用作介词时，后面接时间段，常用于完成时。
We have moved here for two years.
6. since用作介词时后接具体过去时间，表示“自从…以来”，主句用现在完成时。
We have not seen each other since two years ago.
7. 表示“一段时间之后”：“in+ 一段时间”常用于将来时；“after + 一段时间”常用于一般过去时。
My mother will come back in three days.
He arrived after five days.
8. 在last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前不用介词。
He went to Japan last year. / We meet every day.
We enjoy a variety of colorful activities for an hour, starting at 4:30 every weekday afternoon.
9. On / Upon + doing / n.表示“一…，就…”。
On hearing the shocking news, he burst into tears.
Upon arrival, we began to work immediately.
10. by后面接时间，表示“到…为止”，常用完成时。
He has read about 40 pages of the book by now. （现在完成时）
We will have accomplished the work by next month. （将来完成时）
By the time I get home, they will have left.
By the time the doctor arrived the patient had died. （过去完成时）
二、表示地点方位的介词
1. at, in, on, to
（1）at表示在小地方或“在…附近；在…旁边”。
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
（2）in表示在大地方或“在…范围之内”。
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Shandong lies in the east of China.
（3）on表示毗邻或接壤。
Russia lies on the north of China.
（4）to表示“在…范围外”，不强调是否接壤。
Japan is to the east of China.
2. above, below, over, under, beneath, on
（1）above意为“在…上方”；below意为“在…下方”。
The bird is flying abov