动名词和分词用法
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词 + ing构成,有一般式和完成式,主动式和被动式,否定形式为not doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语、状语和宾补。
(1)动名词作主语(动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)动名词作主语表示抽象动作,指一件已知的事或经验。
eg:①Driving a car on the crowded road is boring. ②Reading is my hobby.
句型: It’s no use/no good doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处
It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间
(2)常只用动名词作宾语的动词有:admit,avoid,appreciate,consider,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。
eg:①I can’t imagine marrying her. ②She managed to escape being punished.
以下动词词组后面只接动名词作宾语:give up,belong to,look forward to,keep on,insist on,be busy,get down to,be devoted to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful time (in)等。
eg:①I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. ②He gave up smoking three years.
动名词作表语
动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等。
eg: His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. (动名词)
(4)动名词可作定语
动名词可作定语,前置定语:一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义,后置定语:往往是一个词组或短语
eg:He often studies in the reading room.
现在分词
现在分词具有动词、形容词和副词的特征,在句中作定语、状语、补语和表语。
1作定语
现在分词作定语,单个v-ing放在被修饰的名词前;如果短语作定语,则放在所修饰词的后面。v-ing作定语和被修饰词之间为主动关系,表示动作正在同时进行或经常性发生。
eg:①the falling leaves=the leaves which are falling
②the rising sun=the sun which is rising
③I saw him go into the house facing south.
2作表语
现在分词作表语相当于形容词,常表示主语所具有的特征,含有主动意味。大多数使动词的现在分词通常可作表语,