人教高中英语语法复习虚拟语气讲解与练习(含答案）.docx

虚拟语气
英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气：虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的，表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
一．虚拟语气表示假设，用在 if非真实条件句中
从句 主句
与现在事实相反 If主语+did/were 主语+should / would/could / might + do
与过去事实相反 If主语+ had done 主语+ should / would/ could / might + have done
1.did
与将来事实相反 If主语+ 2.should do 主语+should / would/could / might + do
3.were to do
例：
If I were you, I would accept his advice.
If you had studied hard before, you would have passed the exam.
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
注意：
1.错综时间虚拟语气
当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应
的调整。
If you ____________(follow)my advice just now, you _________(be)better now.
If you __________(study)hard before, you _______(be)a college student now.
2. 省略if的虚拟条件句中，were，had（完成时态标志），should放在句首，（用于倒装结构），
if必须省略。(只倒装从句，主句不改变)
1.Were I you(=If I were you),I would not do it.
1.Had I not seen him then(Hadn’t I seen him then), I wouldn't have been very happy.
3、含蓄虚拟语气
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来
代替条件句。常用的有介词with，without，but for（倘没有，要不是）；连词or，but；副词
otherwise等。
.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
=If I hadn‘t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
Without / But for your help, we couldn’t have finished t