考点22 语法填空之有提示词(解析版) 【命题解读】 语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用,强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力,凸显交际性和语境化特征。 有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副。 高频考点之一:提示词为动词 1.考查谓语动词 【解题攻略】 第一步:确定是否作谓】 首先,分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所需词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。 第二步: 若填谓语动词, 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致: ①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语); ②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者); ③看人称和数, 确保主谓一致 【例】 [2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It __41__ (build) originally to protect the city 42.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 分析: 第一步:确定填谓语。 分析句子成分可知,空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。 第二步:考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。 有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去,根据主语“it (the Xi'an City Wall)”与动词build之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。 2.考查非谓语动词 解题 攻略 若句中已有谓语动词,空处又不在句中作并列谓语时,所要填的通常是非谓语动词,此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说,作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常用动名词形式;此外,doing表示主动、正在进行;done表示被动、完成;to do表示尚未发生的动作。 举例4 You don't have to run fast or for long __ __ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____ (die) early by running. 分析:第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to run,故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to see,作目的状语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce,故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词of,结合句意可知,应填dying,作介词of的宾语。 举例5 Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water quality. 分析:句中已有谓语动词encourages,故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定式to improve,作目的状语。 举例6 China's approach to protecting its environment while ___ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 分析:分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语动词offers,再根据空格前有从属连词while可知,“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构,所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关系,故应填现在分词feeding。 举例7 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter ____(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 分析:when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词was,且从句中无其他连词,故空处应填非谓语动词。reporter与permi