人教专题 03 主旨大意题（阅读理解题型突破）--2023年新高考英语阅读理解突破与实战演练 （解析版）.docx

专题 03 主旨大意题（阅读理解题型突破）
--2023年新高考英语阅读理解突破与实战演练
（解析版）
主旨大意题题型分布
正确选项特征
主旨大意题正确选项特征
范围恰当
概括性全面
精准明确
干扰选项特征
主旨大意题干扰选项特征
以偏概全
概括过度
偷梁换柱
无中生有
核心解题技巧
文章大意题
段首、段尾查找主题句
段首：新闻报道、议论文、说明文
段尾：记叙文、议论文、夹叙夹议文
根据文章频率较高的主题词归纳
段落大意题
根据段落的首尾呼应关注段首句和段尾句
概括每一段的主题句，总结归纳
标题归纳题
关注高频出现的词语
选项总结关键词
标题的总结性、概括性、吸引眼球等特点
主旨大意题突破实战演练
1.（2023年四川成都·四川省成都市第八中学二模）
Cigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out, an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
“I was absolutely surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”
To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the en