人教专题 05 科普科技知识类（阅读理解题型突破）--2023年新高考英语阅读理解突破与实战演练 （解析版）.docx

专题 05 科普科技知识类（阅读理解题型突破）
--2023年新高考英语阅读理解突破与实战演练
（解析版）
【命题分析】
科普知识类说明文是高考阅读理解中的重难点，考试失分较多，因此，掌握此类文章的主要特点和命题方式是重点。此类文章多以介绍某一科学现象居多。逻辑性强，结构严谨。句子结构复杂，常出现长难句。
【命题方向】
细节理解题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
词义猜测题
【说明结构】
说明结构
并列式
承接式
递进式
总分式
【说明方法】
说明方法
下定义
举例子
作比较
打比方
说明顺序
时间顺序；空间顺序；逻辑顺序
词句猜测题突破实战演练
1.（2022年广西·统考一模）
Massive heat waves and droughts are already becoming a threat to farmers. Over the next three decades, California’s San Joaquin Valley alone could lose up to 535,000 acres of farmland as a result of the shortage of water supplies.
Jennifer Brophy, an assistant professor of bioengineering at Stanford, is working on methods she hopes will be used to change commercial plant species so they can survive severe conditions. She is developing new genetic engineering techniques that can help plants grow in a variety of different conditions. By changing the genome (基因组) of both commercial crops and soil bacteria, she thinks it may be possible to help plants survive droughts.
To make plants respond to extreme climate, Brophy is building what she calls “genetic circuits (基因回路).” In addition to changing the genes within plant cells, this method also changes how and when those genes are activated (激活). If the plant senses a specific sugar, it can express one protein; if it senses another signal, it’ll express a different protein, kicking off an entirely separate chain of events. If both signals are there, the plant may be able to express something else entirely. “Using circuits, you can have plants respond in new ways to all these different inputs,” she says.
Humans can learn from the weather forecast whether it’s going to be really hot or really dry in the next couple of weeks so that we can plan accordingly. “A plant doesn’t necessarily know what’s coming. It just knows if it’s hot or mild right now,” says Brophy. This can lead to problems when weather becomes unstable. A plant that usually