人教专题07 语法填空- 【大题精做】冲刺2023年高考英语大题突破+限时集训（新高考专用）（解析版）.docx

专题07 语法填空
语法填空题将语法知识的考查融于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题填空和给词填空两种形式来表现，突出考查了学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更能客观、准确地考察学生的语法知识水平。语法填空题命题首先突出在以下四个方面的能力：语法加语境，语法与上下文，语法加比较辨析和情景会话用语；其次要讲究测试面广，涉及到的语法测试点要多，这也是愈发测试的一个非常重要的特色。如语法测试体的测试点包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句和it的用法等，在这些测试项目中，动词及非谓语动词形式又是重点中的测试重点，从这几年语法测试题看，动词的比例占有率相当大。因此语法填空题选材必须注意：所选句子的语言形式要正确，原汁原味，所选句子的意思要清晰明了，句子的语法结构功能可以完美地服务于句子的语义。
Researchers say they have found microplastics (微塑料) -tiny pieces of plastic that come as a result of the disposal of industrial waste-deep in the lungs of living ____1____ (human) for the first time.
The research, which ____2____ (publish) in the journal Science of the Total Environment last week, is the first study ____3____ (identify) the plastics in the lungs of living people. The plastics have ____4____ (previous) been found in human blood, waste and in the depths of the ocean.
In the study, researchers ____5____ (collect) lung tissue from surgical procedures on patients as part of their routine medical care. Researchers identified 12 types of microplastics, ____6____ are commonly found in bottles, packaging, and clothing, along with other manufacturing processes.
The study notes ____7____ “increasing concern” with the harm that could come with swallowing and breathing in microplastics.
The world produces about 300 million metric tons of plastic a year and about 80% ends ____8____ in landfills and other parts of the environment. Microplastics can range from 10 nano-meters-____9____ (small) than the human eye can see-to 5 millimeters in diameter, about the size of the eraser on the end of a pencil. Researchers have found them ____10____ (float) in the air, in tap or bottled water, and in the sea or soil.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了研究人员首次在人类肺部深处发现了微塑料。
1．humans    【解析】考查名词。句意：研究人员表示，他们首次在人类肺部深处发现了微塑料——工业废物处理产生的微小塑料碎片。human是可数名词，前面没有限定词，所以此处要用其复数形式。故填humans。
2．was published 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这项研究是第一项识别活人肺部塑料的研究，上周发表在《全环境科学》杂志上。分析句子成分可知，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，且在从句中充当主语，且从句缺少谓语