主旨大意题——抽取主干细加工 目标导航 主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目,因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类,即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题,我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。 正确选项特征 干扰选项特征 1.涵盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当,既不太大,也不太小。 3.精确性强,不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 1.过于笼统,不知所云 所给选项内容概括的范围过大,超出文章所述内容。 2.以偏概全,主次不分 所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容,或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。 3.移花接木,偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上,若不留神,极易选错答案。 4.无中生有,生搬硬套 所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了,但经过仔细阅读分析之后,发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 类型一 标题归纳题 一、常见设问方式 ·The best title of the passage is ________. ·Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ·What would be the best title for the passage? ·The most appropriate title of the passage is ______. 二、解题必备知能 (一)理解标题的3大特点 一个好的标题应具备三大特点: 1.概括性——准确而又简短; 2.针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符; 3.醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。 (二)巧用3大方法确定文章标题 1.正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨; 2.反面否定法:撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文章对照,一一排除不符选项; 3.研读备选项本身:研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。 [例] Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11. “We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,” she explains. “I pay £5 for a portion (一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eightpart series (系列节目), Save Money: