人教考向53 阅读理解之词汇逻辑与词句猜测题的解答(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语.docx

考向53 阅读理解
词汇逻辑与词句猜测题的解答
【策略学****词语猜测题
词语猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个单词、短语或词块的含义，或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词、短语或词块代替。此外，也会考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。
在猜测词义时，能利用构词法猜测的一定先利用构词法。
策略1：利用构词法猜测词义
构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。例如2019年全国卷Ⅱ第25题：tug at the heartstrings中的heartstrings是合成词：heart(心)＋string(弦)→heartstrings心弦，故本单词可能与feeling有关。
【典例】　(2018·北京卷阅读D)
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题).But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
49.What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Employed. B.Replaced.
C.Shared. D.Reduced.
【分析】　利用构词法猜测词义。field常用作名词，表示“场地，领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，应用”。根据上段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly”并结合下句中的“as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。
策略2：利用反义词猜测词义
有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词(组)常见的有：(whether)...or，unlike，but，yet，however，while，although，nevertheless，instead，rather than，in contrast, contrary to，on the other hand等。
【典例】　(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research，both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portio