考向61 语法填空 解答介词、冠词与代词类填空的3策略 宏观分析 语法填空中无提示词类填空题的考查方向多为介词、冠词或代词。 ①如果可数名词单数前无冠词,则考虑填冠词。分析名词前后的定语,判断是限制还是修饰,弄清是特指还是泛指。 ②空后是名词或代词,如果名词前已有冠词或其他修饰语,根据意思或搭配考虑填介词。 ③分析句子结构,确定句子所缺成分,空处在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,利用代词的用法确定用何种代词。 策略一 考查介词(短语)和动词短语——根据固定搭配 【考情再现】 1. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museums must ________ people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 答案与解析 for 句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。大多数博物馆也欢迎学校团体,并为儿童安排特别活动。根据语境可知,此处是动词短语:compete for “为……竞争”。故填for。 2. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo plants ________ health, abundance and a happy home. 答案与解析 with 句意:竹子寓意健康富裕与阖家幸福。be associated with“与……相关”。故填介词with。 3. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Oranges: Orange trees are ________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 答案与解析 than 句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品它们还象征吉祥富足。more than “不仅仅,不只是”。故填than。 4. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist ________ , Mother Nature. 答案与解析 on 句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。 5. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by ________ dogs, seven to be exact. 答案与解析 of 句意为:我们最先听到了一群狗的叫声——准确来说是七只狗的叫声。a pack of为固定搭配,意为“一群;一盒;一伙”,故填of。 6. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Corn uses water ________ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 答案与解析 than 句意:玉米用水量比水稻少,化肥流失少。设空前是形容词比较级less,故该空应填介词than,构成比较级句型。 7. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was ________ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. 答案与解析 for 句意:“我”在寻找“我”一直在研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。search for是动词短语,表“寻找;搜寻”。 8. (2020·浙江高考7月卷)Some time after 10000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control they ________, through agriculture. 答案与解析 in 句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived ________”是名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world, live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。 9. (2020·浙江高考1月卷)In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six. This aging of the population is ________ two factors. 答案与解析 by 句意:2015年,全世界每12个人中就有一个人超过6